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Sarai (also transcribed as ''Saraj'' or ''Saray'') was the name of two cities, which were successively capital cities of the Golden Horde, the Mongol kingdom which ruled much of central Asia and part of eastern europe, in the 13th and 14th centuries. They were among the largest cities of the medieval world, with a population estimated by the 2005 Britannica at 600,000. ''Sarai'' is Persian〔(Etymology dictionary )〕 for "palace". There is also a variation meaning home (''Saraa''), similar to Sarajevo in the Balkan peninsula. == Old Sarai == "Old Sarai", or "Sarai Batu" or "Sarai-al-Maqrus"〔Atwood, Christopher P. (2004). ''Encyclopedia of Mongolia and the Mongol Empire.'' New York, NY: Facts on File〕 (''al-Maqrus'' is Arabic for "the blessed") was established by Mongol ruler Batu Khan in the mid-1240s, on a site east of the Akhtuba river, near to the modern village of Selitrennoye.〔VASILIEVITCH, K.V. et al., Atlas Istorii SSSR 1, Glavnoe Upravlenie.., Moskva, 1948, p. 12〕 This site was most probably located on the Akhtuba River, a channel of the lower Volga River, near the contemporary village of Selitrennoye in Kharabali District, Astrakhan Oblast, Russia, about 120 km north from Astrakhan. Sarai was the seat of Batu and his successor Berke. Under them Sarai was the capital of a great empire. The various Rus' princes came to Sarai to pledge allegiance to the Khan and receive his patent of authority (''yarlyk'').〔MacKenzie, David, Michael W. Curran. (2002). ''A History of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Beyond.'' Belmont, CA: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. ISBN 0-534-58698-8〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sarai (city)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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